The main activities are:
■Mechanical removal of liquids and solids pollutants;
■ Collection at sea, transfers, transportation and disposal of polluting materials, both liquid and solid;
■ Environmental Remediation at sea;
■ mapping and recovery of wrecks;
■ Training, promotion and dissemination activities aimed at protecting the marine environment;
■ Environmental monitoring.
The presence of Castalia on the Italian territory is widespread, the organizational model consists of an operational structure on shore and a fleet deployed all along the Italian coast.
CASTALIA fleet consists of more than 35 naval units, specially equipped to fight marine pollution, deployed all along the Italian coast and especially in marine protected areas. One third of the fleet is composed by offshore ships, which are suitable to operate in high seas and therefore able to intervene in international waters if necessary, characterized by high oil recovery capacity and equipped with technologically advanced tools for the remediation of polluted areas, fire-fighting operations and rescue in the event of maritime accidents. The remaining naval units possess the same potential response of the "bigger" vessels but are specifically designed to operate in shallow waters.
Part of the fleet CASTALIA si equipped with radar systems for the detection of hydrocarbons on the sea surface, even at night, enabling 24-hour operation.
The National Coordinating Center, under the control of the Administration, coordinates the activities of ground facilities and vessels. 
The coordination of operations, the management of available resources, analysis, storage and transmission of information is achieved through an Information and Communication System which ensures the efficiency of the entire organizational structure.